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Cerebral Palsy | General Term for More Specific Neurologic Disorders

Cerebral Palsy is a general health condition which encompasses a group of neurologic disorders that appears during infancy or early childhood. The term “cerebral palsy” (CP) literally means brain paralysis but its precise definition remains vague. Cerebral Palsy (CP) affects the body movement and muscle coordination permanently. The condition is non-contagious meaning it’s confined to person who has it. (more…)

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Barth Syndrome | Cause

The cause of Barth syndrome is hard to explain in layman’s terms. The genetic and molecular pathology of Barth syndrome are explained by experts as mutations in the BTHS gene, G4.5 tafazzin (TAZ). Tafazzin (TAZ) gene or TAZ mRNA is located at Xq28. It is associated with cardiolipin molecules in the electron transport chain and the mitochondrial membrane structure. Barth syndrome is found exclusively in males. (more…)

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Barth Syndrome | Congenital Metabolic and Neuromuscular Disorder

Barth syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects boys. According to the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Barth syndrome is passed from mother to son through the “X” sex chromosome. Baby boys born affected by Barth syndrome are usually at risk of serious infections. (more…)

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Sepsis: A Systemic Infection

Sepsis is a serious illness brought about by an infection that has reached the blood stream and/or the body tissues. It is a general term that covers more specific terms like septicemia, bacteremia, viremia, fungemia, sepsis neonatorum, etc. Sepsis is described as the inflammation of the whole body secondary to a systemic immune response to a pathogen.

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Tetralogy of Fallot: Definition of Terms

DEFINITION OF TERMS NEEDED IN STUDYING TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Congenital defect – an abnormality that is present at birth

Cyanosis – abnormal bluish discoloration of the skin that occurs because of low levels of circulating oxygen in the blood and into the cells

Stenosis – a narrowing, or constriction, of a passage, duct, opening, etc.

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Tetralogy of Fallot: Key Features

Tetralogy of Fallot has four key features:

Ventricular septal defect
- an opening in the ventricular septum or dividing wall between the two lower chambers of the heart known as the right and left ventricles. This hole allows the oxygen-poor (blue) blood to mix with the oxygen-rich (red) blood.

Pulmonary stenosis
- abnormal narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle. This narrowing blocks the blue blood from reaching the lung.

Right ventricular hypertrophy
- thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum while cavity size is usually normal or slightly enlarged. The muscular wall becomes thickened from overwork while the heart needs to pump harder against the resistance caused by the pulmonary stenosis.

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Tetralogy of Fallot: Introduction

Tetralogy of Fallot (“TOF” or “TET”) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. It is a complex condition of several congenital (present at birth) defects that occur due to abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy.

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